Smoke is often more dangerous in fires than the fire itself. It spreads quickly, prevents people from finding their way around and causes breathing difficulties. In an underground car park, which usually has limited escape routes, smoke can quickly become a deadly trap. Effective smoke extraction in an underground car park ensures that the smoke is removed in a controlled manner so that escape routes remain clear and emergency services can operate safely.
Regulations for smoke extraction from underground garages
The regulations for smoke extraction in underground garages are set out in the Model Garage Ordinance M-GarVO. These take into account factors such as the size and height of the garage room, the location (whether above or below ground) and the specified protection target. These specifications serve as guidelines for the planning and implementation of smoke extraction measures.
Mechanical vs. natural smoke extraction in underground garagesn
There are two options for smoke extraction in underground garages: mechanical and natural smoke extraction.
- Mechanical smoke extraction: With this method, fans are used to extract the smoke from the underground garage and direct it outside. At the same time, air is exchanged by supply air fans. This option is particularly effective in larger garages with complex structures.
- Natural smoke extraction: Smoke is extracted via natural openings such as windows or ventilation slots. This method can be implemented in smaller underground garages with simpler structures.
The choice between these two options depends on a number of factors, including the size and complexity of the garage and local regulations.
Regular maintenance is important
Regardless of the smoke extraction method selected, regular maintenance is essential to ensure reliable smoke extraction from the underground car park in the event of an emergency.
According to the regulations, annual maintenance is required to ensure that all components of the smoke extraction system are working properly. In addition, for mechanical smoke extraction systems, an annual visual inspection must be carried out by the operator in order to identify and rectify potential problems at an early stage.
